What is Equine Rhinovirus?
Equine Rhinovirus is a contagious viral infection of horses caused by members of the Picornaviridae family that primarily affects the upper respiratory tract and produces clinical signs similar to other viral respiratory infections. The virus spreads by contact from horse to horse contact, respiratory secretions and contaminated surfaces.
Clinical Signs: Clinical signs and symptoms of equine rhinovirus include the following:
- Mild Fever
- Serous (watery) nasal discharge
- Cough
- Pharyngitis (sore throat, difficulty swallowing)
- Enlarged lymph nodes under the jaw
- Lethargy and lack of appetite
Diagnosis: Diagnosis is made by testing nasal swabs with PCR to detect viral RNA, virus isolation in specialized laboratories, and testing paired serum samples to detect increased antibody titers.
Treatment: Horses diagnosed with equine rhinovirus are best treated with supportive care, including but not limited to rest, hydration, soft feed if sore throat present. Treatment may also include administration with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for fever or discomfort.
Prognosis: Excellent in most cases. Horses typically recover fully within 7-10 days with no long-term effects. Complications are rare but may include secondary bacterial infections.
Prevention: There is no commercial vaccine currently available. To help prevent the disease minimize stress, overcrowding and isolate newly arrived horses before introducing them to the herd or stable.
Biosecurity: Follow good general biosecurity practices such as isolate clinically affected horses until at least 14 days after recovery, disinfect shared equipment, stalls, and water sources, enforce strict hygiene practices (hand washing, dedicated clothing/equipment), and monitor horses exposed to affected horses for early signs of respiratory illness including lethargy and fever.